How To Protect Settlement Funds for Minors

Personal Injury
Mar 15, 2025
How To Protect Settlement Funds for Minors
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How To Protect Settlement Funds for Minors

When a minor receives a personal injury settlement, protecting those funds becomes a critical concern. The goal is to ensure the money is available for the child's benefit and is not misused or depleted before the child reaches adulthood. This protection is crucial not only for the child's immediate needs but also for their long-term financial security and well-being.

One common method of protecting settlement funds for minors is through the use of a blocked account, also known as a restrictive bank account. In this arrangement, the funds are deposited into an account that cannot be accessed until the minor reaches the age of majority (usually 18). This method provides a straightforward way to safeguard the funds, but it lacks flexibility and doesn't allow for growth through investments. A blocked account is often used for smaller settlements or when the funds are expected to be fully used for the child's care before they reach adulthood.

For larger settlements, a structured settlement annuity might be a better option. This involves using the settlement funds to purchase an annuity that provides regular payments over time. These payments can be structured to begin immediately to cover ongoing expenses, or they can be deferred until the child reaches adulthood. The advantage of a structured settlement is that it provides a guaranteed income stream and can be tailored to meet the child's specific needs. For example, larger payments could be scheduled to coincide with anticipated college expenses.

In cases where more flexibility is needed, a settlement preservation trust might be the best choice. This type of trust allows for professional management of the funds, potential growth through investments, and can include provisions for how and when distributions can be made for the child's benefit. A settlement preservation trust can be particularly useful when the child has ongoing medical needs or when the settlement amount is substantial.

Another option to consider is a special needs trust, particularly if the child has a disability that is likely to continue into adulthood. A special needs trust can protect the settlement funds while maintaining the child's eligibility for means-tested government benefits like Medicaid and Supplemental Security Income (SSI).

When deciding on the best method to protect settlement funds, it's crucial to consider the specific needs of the child and family. Factors such as the size of the settlement, the child's medical needs, the family's financial situation, and the child's long-term prognosis should all play a role in determining the best approach.

For instance, if the child has ongoing medical needs that are likely to continue into adulthood, a combination of a special needs trust and a structured settlement might be appropriate. The special needs trust could cover expenses not covered by government benefits, while the structured settlement could provide a steady income stream for other needs.

It's also important to consider the tax implications of different protection methods. While most personal injury settlements are not taxable, the growth on invested settlement funds may be. A properly structured settlement or trust can help manage these tax implications effectively.

Another factor to consider is the level of court involvement required. In many jurisdictions, the court must approve the method chosen to protect the minor's settlement funds. This often involves appointing a guardian ad litem to represent the child's interests and may require ongoing court supervision, particularly in the case of trusts.

The role of the child's parents or guardians in managing the settlement funds is another crucial consideration. While parents naturally want to use the funds for their child's benefit, there need to be safeguards in place to prevent misuse. This is where professional management, such as through a trust, can be particularly valuable.

It's also worth considering how the protection method chosen will transition once the child reaches adulthood. Will they have immediate access to all the funds? Will distributions be staggered? These are important questions to address in the initial planning stages.

In conclusion, protecting settlement funds for minors requires careful consideration of various factors and options. By taking a thoughtful, comprehensive approach, it's possible to ensure that the settlement funds provide for the child's needs now and in the future, setting them up for long-term financial security and success.